THE HISTORY OF ESA UNGGUL UNIVERSITY

iwansuwandy.wordpress.com @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

                                              Dr IWAN S E-BOOK COLLECTIONS

___________________________________________________________________________

                                    THE HISTORY OF ESA UNGGUL UNIVERSITY

                                                               

                          created by Dr IWAN S from his own document history collections

                                                               LIMITED E-BOOK

                                                        Private Edition Special for

                       Health Science Teacher , Alumni  and student MHA , Apikes,

                                                    and Community Health Science

___________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION

This e-book based on my own experience as the first  graduate of Master Hospital Administartions Student program 1989-1990, and later as the teac her at Health Scienece Fakulty , APIKES and Community Health program between 2000-2005 and UIEU Teacher Guidence’s book 2002.

 I know this book is not complete and many wrong info, that is why I hope more info and corrections. also my English language.

Jakarta ,June 2010

The Author

Dr Iwan Suwandy,MHA

___________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER ONE : Indonesia European UNIVERSITY( 1986-1993)

Yayasan Kemala Mencerdaskan Bangsa was founded in January ,10th.1986 based on the Notarial Sri Rahayu no. 05. The   the Yayasan have built the first program  Institute of Management in 1986 (cooperation with European University Belgia with the name Indonesia European University-Dr Iwan) BBA, MBA, MHA (In my archive collections first MHI-Master Of Health Information and MHA  program later in 1989 and I am the first student and the first graduateof MHA  in 1990, MHI only one program graduate in 1990 and after that the MHI program closed -Dr Iwan). and also Medical record Administraion in 1989 ( later change to APIKES and my wife the first student and the graduate in 1992-Dr Iwan S)

CHAPTER TWO: Indonesia  Esa Unggul UNIVERSITY(1993-2005)

In 1993 was  bulit IEU-University(INDONUSA Esa Unggul) and the program during Institute of Managgement IEU still open program APIKES(Medical Record), BABA joint with University of Wales, Magister Managemenent  as the new program changed from MBA program, and strata one (Bachalor of Scienece) Management, Accountant, Industrial Technology, Planology Technology.

After nine years, In 1998, developed the new education’s program  , Bachelor of Public Health, and IT (Information Technology),  in 1999 , Law Highschool, The DIII Communication Skill School . DIV Physiotherapy Skills  School.

In 2001 the new program developed, DIII Managemen Informatica, Bachalor of Industrial design, and Bachalor of Physcholohy.

In 2001 the new program developed, Bachelor of Communication science and S2 Magister of PublicAdministration.(MPA).

CHAPTER TREE : ESA UNGGUL UNIVERSITY AFTER NOW

NOTE: STILL IN INATlled processing,wait a momment until finish!!!!!!!!!!!

THE END OF SAMPLE@copyright Dr IWAN S 201o, for complete e-book join the UCmember via comment and after the administration OK,the complete e-book only 100 item will send to you via your e-mail.

THE VINTAGE INDONESIA EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS

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  Dr IWAN S E-BOOK SAMPLE,join club via comment for found the complete e=book send via your e-mail.

_________________________________________________________________________

            The rare Indonesia Embroidery Collections

                                     CREATED BY

          

                                       Dr IWAN S

                Private e-book special for collectors

                 Jakarta @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

______________________________________________________________

Ancient Egypt

Ancient China

Ancient China

Ancient Persia embroidery

Ancient French embroidery

Lampung embroidery

Lampung embroidery

Palembang embroidery

Palembang embroidery

China embroidery

Tionghoa embroidery

Tionghoa embroidery

Singer Postcard 1930

Hand sewing embroidering

Native Riau embroidery

Kebaya Encim 1930

Minang Cristic Embroidery

Minang Cristic Embroidery

Minang cristic Embroidery

Minangkabau embroidery

Minangkabau  embroidery pre WWII

Kebaya embroidery 1953

Kebaya embroidery 1953

THE RARE INDONESIA EMBROIDERY HISTORIC COLLECTIONS @Copyright Dr Iwan S 2010

 

 

 

THE RARE INDONESIA EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS

I.INTRO
This info and illustrations Compile by Dr iwan S from his private vintage embroidery collections arraged in chronologic historic information of embroidery in the world and especially Indonesia from many vintage embroidery books
@copyright Dr Iwan Suwandy 2010.
The illustration only some rare embrodery ,especially from Dr iwan S. private collections:

1. The vintage Palembang and Lampung embroidery late XIXth centuy – early XXth century.(The complete illustrations will show later at THE VINTAGE RARE PALEMBANG AND LAMPUNG EMBROIDERY in this blog please read UCN to know the illustration have finish)

2. The Vintage Minangkabau embroidery early XXthCentury.(The complete illustrations will show later at THE RARE VINTAGE MINANGKAU EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS)

3.The vintage Tionghoa(Indonesia chinese overseas) embroidery early XXth century, including the beads embroideries (The complete illustration will show later at THE RARE VINTAGE TIONGHOA EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS)

4. The Vintage Kebaya Emboidery 1953 (the complete illustrations will show later at THE RARE VINTAGE KEBAYA EMBROIDERY 1953)

II. THE INDONESIA EMBROIDERY CHRONOLOGY HISTORIC COLLECTIONS .

1. ANCIENT EMBROIDERY

(1) BEFORE CHRIST
(a) The Embroidery (or sulaman ) can be traced back to the Iron SAge, the Ancientwoman discovered that she could used thread to join pieces of fur to make clothes, as a natural progress, she also discovered that the same thread could be used to make decorative pattern on the clothes. She also used colourful beads,stone and bones to add these decorations.
(b) Several excellent examples of beautiful embroideries are still surviving until now , we can look at the museum in Egypt,China,Persia, India and England.Each Country has its own distinctive style of embroidery which incorporates the cultyr and imaginery from their history and tradition.
(c) 475-221 BC
During China archeologic ecavation the Chu tomb in 1958 , they found China ancient embroidery circa 475 BC with design phoenix bird.
The other excavation Han Tomb circa 206BC-220AD at Mawangdui , they found embroidery with Longevity design (Shou) and also a silk cloth approximately 50 cm wide and 110 cm long that contain two text about medicine and forty-four drawing depicting figures engaged in physical (may be this embroidery, look at the illustration of mawangdui embroidery design physical exercise)
(d) no information and illustration of indonesia ancient embroideries exist, may be Indonesian archeologist will send us via comment.

(2) BEFORE EUROPEAN CAME
(a) VIII th- Xth Century AD
The Persian Archeologist report in 1922 (William Cohn,Die Kuns des Alten Persien or The Art Collection of Ancient Persian,Berlin,122, Dr Iwan S. rare vintage Book Collection) that they found two Persian emboidery
(a1) Ancient Persian Embroidery design bird 9th-10th Century AD. (look at the illustration cap Persian 8thCtry.)
(a2) Ancient Persian embroidery design bird 8th-9th century AD (look at the illustration Cap.Persian 9thCtry)

(3) AFTER EUROPEAN CAME
(a) 1368-1644
During Ming Dynasty some portugal businessman visited China and returned home with sample of Chinese embroidery.
(b) 1644-1912
During Qing Dinasty, embroidery Workshop were formed and Chinese embroidery became more elegant and cover a wider aesthetic rage.Embroideries is a traditional Chinese craft which caused of pulling colored thread through a back ground with meedle to STICH PATTERN (look at the same style with The Tionghoa ecthnic embroideries design at THE RARE VINTAGE TIONGHOA EMBROIDERY EARLY XX CENTURY)

(c) British and Franch embroidery (16

25)
When King Charles I ascended throne in British and his royal Queen was a French Princess , the French fashion taste influence England , Plain silk were used in preference to heavily embroidered.

(d)Westren embroidery (1848-1873)
(d1)1848
Jacob Schien started the first commercial embroidery manifacturing establisment in New York this year.
(d2) 1870
Fourteen company manifactory embroidery Machine is Switzerkand have manifacturing hand loan embroidery machine.
(d3) 1873
Alphonse Kursheen imported tweleve of the then new embroidery hand loons from St Galen Switzerland, making him the first American to used a Machinized embroidery procress.

2. VINTAGE INDONESIA EMBROIDERY
(1) LATE 19th CENTURY
(a)The earliest record of lampung tapestrry embroidered wilk gold or Non gold threats-embroidery.
(b)Orginally a long straight Arab inspired.Originate in the Middle east, while other argue that it may have cam from nearly China. Derived from the Arab word KABA meaning cloth and inroduced to Indonesia via the Portugeus lenguage , the term KABAYA has came referd to a garment whose origin appeared to be a blouse. It was first worn in Indonesia.
(c) The Arab kebaya style was adopted by the Indonesia Madame or Nyonya and Tionghoa madame or Encim of the early Tionghoa community.
A subgroup of the Chinese overseas(Tionghoa) who gradually transformed into a shapely,embroidered, transluscent bluse,fastened with a set of chained brooches (Peniti kebaya encim, look the illustration of dr Ronny Handokos mother-inlaw kebaya encim vintage photo circa 1938,she was my Mother auntie take photo by Dr iwan S mother, also the vintage native sumatra women with Native Kebaya ) worn with a matching hand-drawn Batik sarong and beaded slepper.

(2) EARLY 20TH CENTURY
(a)Before Indonesian National Movement began in 1928, all Indonesian women still wear the native traditinal embroider wear still same from the late 19th century, and the same with the etnic Tionghoa(Chinese Overseas in Indonesia) they used many chinese homeland embroidery style for wedding and other religious ceremony.
(b)In 1900 starting the great embroidery on Kebaya,handkherchief and other wedding ceremonial for wedding room in Sumatra and Java were done by a manual foot operate Sewing Mechine mark Singer.(look at the illustration native Indonesia created embroidery by Singer machine and the emblem of Singer on vintage picture postcard)
(c)Between 1960-1980 Dr Iwan S collecting the Palembang-Lampung embroidery and The Tionghoa embroidery, because many foreigner ask him to seek this very rare and expensive collections, some he sold but the best collections still keep until this day,and please look some sample illustrations. (the complete illustration will installed later at THE RARE VINTAGE PALEMBANG AND LAMPUNG EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS and THE RARE VINTAGE TIONGHOA EMBROIDERY COLLECTIONS. Very difficult to find this rare collectins in good conditions0.

(3) AFTER THE WORLD WAR II
(a) 1920
During the full emergence of the National struggle in Indonesia, expatriat european women stoped wearing the Kebaya because it was identified with the typical Indonesia ethnic style and Kebaya became associated with Ethnic Indonesian Nationalism (look the illustration of Ethnic Indonesian women with Kebaya and sarong dress circa 1920-1940 , the rare vintage photo collection Dr iwan S.).
(b) 1942-1945 During Dai Nippon Occupation
Educated expatrian European women in civil Prisoner of war wear Kebaya rather than westren dress because Dai Nippon allocated kebaya as the prisoner wear.
(c)August,17th.1945 during Proclamation day
The only women in atttandance,Mrs S.K.Trimurti beside Mrs Fatmawati Sukarno and Mrs Rahmi Hatta wearing kebaya. this image helped tranform the kebaya from traditional dress to the status of National dres for Indonesian women.
(d)During middle of 20th Century Kebaya worn in Java and Sunda after the Dutch Colonizations
(e) 1950-1960
(e1) It was trend to wear a black corset under Kebaya so you can see the corset beneath the thin material of the kebaya with simple embroidery on the edge of the kebaya called bilin-bilin (look th eillustraion of bilin-bilin embroidery Kebaya 1953)

(e2) Dr Iwan S in 1994 found the very rare Kebaya embridery design sampling, keeping in one platic Album with the year 1953, very pity anonim, may be this from Tionghoa embroidery hand machinal factory, when the owner died ,her son thruogh out his mother collections and I found at Lapak or the ex dress traders, and this the only one vintage kebaya 1953 collections ever seen and reported.Dr Iwan s very lucky (look the sample illustrations, the complete illustration will installed later at THE RARE VINTAGE KEBAYA EMBROIDERY 1953)
.
@copyright Dr Iwan

 

 

 

PUI-HOW TO ESTIMATE THE PAINTING’S INVESTATION VALUE

                                    

PUI- Premium Uniquecollection Info,iwansuwandy.wordpress.com@copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

                                HOW TO ESTIMATE

             THE PAINTING’S INVESTATIONS VALUE

                      

 

 

                                                BY

                                          Dr IWAN S

      Private limited e-book special for painting collectors

                     Jakarta @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

PREFACE

I had starting interesting and collecting Painting from 1984 when many foreigners came to Indonesia asking me to find the native ethnic paintings, but also the expatriate painting collectors said to me that the painting’s investations value  low  due to the non professional painters or due to  repro or fake paintings. Ihave seen some best painting from old dutch painters and indonesian painters wakidi and Oesman Effendi from west Sumatra,but I didnot by their painting because too many fake or his son repro paintings.

                                                    

                                                       

In 1985, a dutchman visit my house and he told me that he ever met Indonesian painter Oesman Effendi which stayed at his father house near the john enschede printing office, he stayed three month to painting the Indonesian Money , everyday he made sketch wayang painting and other paintings, if he didnot like he thrown out, the dutchman as a boy made this for playing, very pity he didnot collect that sketch because now the Oesman Effendi sketch very expensive at least Oesman Effendi and his friend ABDUL SALAM HAVE MADE THE PAINTING OF THE 500 RUPIAH INDONESIAN MONEY PLEASE LOOK  BELLOW ;

1. FRONT BY OESMAN EFFENDY

  

2.BACK BY ABDUL SALAM

 Before pass away Oesman Effendi stayed at Koto Gadang Bukittinggi, he still made some paintings but I didnot bought because I didnot understans and many fake repro by his son.

                                                          

After that I had collecting all kind of literature related with the Painter history and their paintings, The famous painter masterpiece painting auctions, but I still didn’t understand how to estimated the painting’s investation value, that is why I did not bought the masterpiece painting of Famous Indonesian Painters Affandi  during Affandi’s  daughter Kartika sold some of his father master price painting in very low price for  paid his father medical treatment cost in 1996 only US8000.- and I had seen the same painting sold at the Auction in 2006 US$250.000.-The same situation when I visit Sudjojono painting shop in Jogya 1984, and The La Meiyer sketch at his wife Nji Polok shop beside the Musuem, and Ida Bagus Made did not want to sold his native painting because not finish with frame he said to me if you want to buy comeback next year.

After almost 35 years learning from many literature, I still didn’t understand the value of a painting, but two weeks ago when I look again my vintage Painting literature I met several literature and starting to look at my paintings collections one Vintage Dutch Oil Painting of Nederland landscape from my grandpa who bought from the  Dutchman  in Indonesia before the WW II, Two watercolour black and white painting by DATUK BASA, Padang Ocean beach and ANAI Waterfall Padang Panjang , found at Padang city in 1986,Dutch expatriate painters  BETAWI found at Jakarta 1998, and the Mountain ANONIM  ,Also some painters sketch .

 

After read the literature and take the close up picture of the painting, I am starting to understand how to estimate the painting’s INVESTATION  value and write this e-book for painting collectors.

I REMEMBER DURING YOUNG BOY IN 1979, I ever met the famous Indonesian painters DULLAH at the BRANTAS HOTEL Surabaya, he stayed in the from of my room,in the morning he paint a waterfall painting, he told me that he always made the sketch in in notebook when trevelling, he show me that sketch and he told me to give the soul of the painting we must give the sun rays from the east to the waterfall, when I aske my father to bought that painting, he said to expensive that time US40.000.- but I think now the value US $ 100.000.-

When my friend Mr Fikri asked me to show my painting collections, I cannot show the masterpiece because I did not understand the investation value, I only told he that I have met many Indonesian Famous painters ,seen their masterpiece painting, and I have write the autobiography of Indonesia Senior painter which you can read in this blog.

AFTER KNOW HOW TO EATIMATE THE BEST pAINTING,WE WILL  PRACTISE THE INFO WITH STUDY ON  THE FAMOUS INDONESIAN PAINTER HENK NGANTUNG’S  SKETCH, PLEASE THE EXPERT PAINTERS COMMENT TO ADDED OUR INFO AND KNOWLEDGE THANKYOU..

I hope my information will useable by the painting collectors during identified what kind of paintings will be their collections.

Jakarta, June 2010

Dr IWAN  S

INTRODUCTION

The Sun is high, and the scene you are painting is a patchwork of  sparkling color , and deep shadow. Your watercolor painting is looking good, but it’s drying too fast. Or you working in oils and you want to layer one color over another, leaving flecks of the first color showing through. You have seen this in other paintings, but you are not sure how to do it . Or do you wonder which medium to mix into your acrylic paints to get the effect you want?

Even professional painters have frustrations and near-disasters, but they learn to overcome them, and so will you with the help of this book. Unlike other books, this is not a painting course, but a source of the valuable painting’s working in watercolor and oils.(compile from many vintage books)

CHAPTER ONE

THE HIGH VALUE WATERCOLOR PAINTING

1.     THE BEST WATERCOLOR PAINT

2.     THE DECEPTIVE COLOR

3.     REFLECTED LIGHT

4.     NO FLAKY SOLUTION

5.     BLENDING TONES

6.     AVOID BACKRUN

7.     BEST WATERCOLOR PAPERS

8.     A SENSE OF SPONTANEITY

9.     GRADUATE WASH

10.    NO MUDDY COLOR

11.     DROPPPED-IN-COLOR FOR SPECIAL EFFECT

12.       NO SCRAP PIGMENT

13.        PAINTING INTO AN AREA IS STILL WET

14.      NO BLOTCHES

15.       SPECIAL EFFECT

16.        OPACITY

17.         LANDSCAPE SPECIAL EFFECT

18.          TREES AND FOLIAGE SPECIAL EFFECT

19.            BUILDING SPECIAL EFFECT

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CHAPTER TWO

THE VALUABLE OIL PAINTING

1.INTERESTING EFFECT WITH VARIED TEXTURES

 

2.BEST  CANVAS

3.  BEST PAPER

4.VARIETY OF MARK

The best painters created a varied surface, experiment with different ways of their handling brushes. They can stab the painting with the tip of the brush for very textural marks. They hold the brush horizontal to the paint surface and drag it across the surface for broken appl;ication of paint, or apply thin paint with a scrubbing motion for ascumbled effect.

Let’s we look at the sample from the best painting below, pain has been put on arange of ways. Energetic vertical brushstrokes in the figure ,offset with long flowing brusstrokes in the hair and distinct marks in the flower or three leaves , produced a lively image.

  

                  

5.SMOOTH SURFACE

6.SMOOTH GRADATION

7. NO ROUGH BLENDING

8. DISTRACTED BY DETAIL

9.AN UNIFIED EFFECT

In order to harmonize the colour used across a painting,apply a layer of colour to the white ground.

 

Known as a toned ground,before starting the painting. If glazing and scumbling techniques are used to allow the ground colour to show through in places,then this will have a unifying egfect on the painting.

10 NO CRACKING

11.PRELIMINARY CHARACTER SKETCH,MAIN SHAPE FILL IN AND DETAILS ADDED.

12.UNDERPAINTING

13WET INTO  WET

To keep the colour clean and vibrant when working into wet paint, work with a limited palette and have a plentiful supply of bushes.Loan the brush with planty of paint,and make aquick stroke holding the brush as nearly horizontal to the painting surface as you can. 

look at the painting, the painter individual brushstrokes of strong colour are worked into wet paint with decisive marks to create an image that has clean and vibrant color.

14.GLAZING AND HIGHLIGHT

15 SHARP EDGES

16 SPECIAL ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUE.

17 MODIFICATIONS

18 SPECIAL EFFECT

19 SPECIAL SUBJECT

CHAPTER THREE

THE  BEST PAINTER STYLE OF FAMOUNS  PAINTER HENK NGATUNG SKETCH

The first step in estimate the Sketc painting, we must now the best sketch, then the handwritten of the painter, and the painters original mark or sign , let begin with Henk Ngfantung sketch below:

(1) Best sketch style

(2) original handwritten

(3)Original  Mark sign

After the first step OK, then we look at several  best sketch performance :

   1.A SENSE OF SPONTANEITY

   2.       SPECIAL EFFEC

  3 .         VARIETY OF MARK

 4. DISTRACTED BY DETAIL

  5.AN UNIFIED EFFECT

  6. SHARP EDGES

   7.  SPECIAL ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUE.

   8.  MODIFICATIONS

    9. SPECIAL EFFECT

    10.SPECIAL SUBJECT

THE END@copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

 

THE STRAITS SHIPMAIL ABROAD (MALAYA AND INDONESIA)

iwansuwandy.wordpress.com @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

THE STRAITS POSTAL AGENT IN MALAYA AND INDONESIA

                               

                      

                                                                                                 

                                  CREATED BY

                                       Dr IWAN S

                    Private limited e-book for philatelic collectors

                                   Jakarta copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

____________________________________________________

 

 

 

 I.The Introduction Of  Singapore  Ship mail

SHIPMAIL cover from Singapore with PAQUEBOT  Singapore postmark type 3 send on the High Seas at S.S. SIBAYAK ship (no postmark, because send at Singapore Port) to Indonesia BUTITENZORG  (now Bogor) CDS 6.12.1937. The other type  look at SHIPMAIL 1 and 2.

                  

Five type Singapore Post MARK , Si-S2 straight line and S3-5 combine with port  name (Singapore)-Brig.M.A Studd’s work published only 200 copies.”PAQUEBOT  and SHIP LETTER  Cancellations of the world 1894-1951.M.A.Studd.

                                   

One of  unique postal history were the SHIPMAIL postmark when letters posted on the High Seas on the ship DEPARTURE from Singapore  and destination at Indonesia port. Many collectors asked me why Straits stamps from Perak and Johor were cancelled Singapore , Straits stamps were cancelled Indonesia (DEI) port or city cancelled (used abroad) and why the letter from Singapore cancelled with KPM (Dutch East indie Royal Ship) beside Paquebot stright line and PAQUEBOT  Singapore ?

Rules for letters posted on the HighSeas were drown up at the Postal union Conference in 1891. The used of the world “PAQUEBOT” was officially adopted at the UPU Congress ,Whasington.USA in 1897 for international use on correspondence posted on the HighSeas and handed over to the Postal administration at the first port of call.

Brief  the rules are : letters posted on the High seas bearing the stamps of the country in which the ship registered will accepted at the first port of call in any country for onward transmisssion to another member country of the UPU without further charge.

The stamp(s) should be cancelled with the chancellor  of the port and the indicator mark “PAQUEBOT” applied alongside. The letters posted on the High Seas are to be handed over to the postal authorities immediately on arrival, they should not be posted in a shore  side letter box.

Many variation were found, Singapore have 2 type straight line PAQUEBOT Mark type 1 and 2, beside that 3 type PAQUEBOT   combined Port’s name “PAQUEBOT -Singapore”  postmark type S3,4, and 5.

Pre war Singapore PAQUEBOT  postmark S4 and S5 very shortly used after the reoccupation (rare0, and some of destination postmark (Indonesia port) on Singapore departure ship without PAQUEBOT Postmark (Used abroad).

I hope after look carefully at the illustration from SHIP MAIL  1 ( with Singapore PAQUEBOT or KPM-Dutch east Indie (Indonesia) royal ship postmark, and SHIP MAIL h 2 : Indonesia (DEI) port only postmark without PAQUEBOT mark  , all the collector will understand and have the answer why other country stamps used in other country (Used abroad) with or without PAQUEBOT  postmark. This collection were the Marine ship collection thematic , became popular among the  Marine persons as the memorable of te ship where he/she or their family ever  work or travel and write  the letters on the high seas. Now everybody travel via AEROPLANE  and PAQUEBOT  mark never seen anymore. The last PAQUEBOT  letters circa 1970, a ship route from Singapore to Indonesia , like Medan (Belawan) ,Jakarta (TandjongPriok) should used her country’s stamps at the Port Belawan or Tandjong Priok  but Indonesia Stamps at Medan or Jakarta

 

 

 

 

II.Straits Ship mail abroad (Malaya and Indonesia )

1.Singapore PAQUEBOT Johore

2. Straits post agent ship mail Indonesia

(1) Makasar straits ship mail  agent post

2) Sumatra straits shipmail agent

(1) Pakanbaru straits Ship Mail agent

(2) Padang Straits Ship Mail agent

….etc…..etc…………….

3) Straits via KPM dutch ship Mail

…etc….etc……………………

The end of e-book sample,if you want the complete e-mail,please Unique collection Cluc via comment and after the administration OK,the complete e-book will send to you via your e-mail.@copyright Dr IWAN S 2010. 

PUI-THE 19th CENTURY SUMATRA INFORMATIONS

PUI-Premium Uniquecollections Info,iwansuwandy.wordpress.com @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

              THE 19^th CENTURY SUMATRA INFORMATIONS

                          

                 

                                            COMPILE BY  

                                              Dr IWAN S.  

                  Private limited e-book special for collectors  

                       Jakarta @copyright  Dr IWAN S 2010

PREFRACE

Very difficult to find the Information of Sumatra to day, either the history or the pictures related to the history because many vintage books and pictures were lost and  broken due to the Indonesia climate not so good and  many archived  lost and burned during Dai Nippon Occupation , Indonesia Independent war, Sumatra Rebellion movement in Acheh  (DITII) , PRRI and at least Communist Coup D’etat  September ,30^Th 1965(G30SPKI), also many official man did not understand how to keep the historic archive.

During I studied in high school, my teacher Frater Servaas told me to keep the information because that time the  fist Satellite  were found , and in the future no border between all notion countries, the global communications which made all the world will  need  the information and the communications very fast. Due to this suggestions I am starting to collect all kind information especially the vintage one, and now I am starting to write about Indonesia in 19^th century begin from homeland Sumatra.

I hope this information in limited e-book will useable for the collectors or the writer as the basic info for their collections or for writing book and research book.

I will add the sample in my internet blog iwansuwandy.wordpress.com and if someone need the complete e-book, limited only for hundred persons,please contact me via comment.

Jakarta June 2010

The Author

Dr IWAN S.

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER ONE

ACHEH

I. Sultan Iskandar Muda of Acheh Kingdom

1 the sultanate’s picture profile

2. The sultanate’s  Horse Cariage

3. The sultanate’s  dirham gold coin

4. The sultane’s tomb

 

II. The Achec Sultanate’s warrior

________________________________________________________

CHAPTER TWO

DELI

_______________________________________________________

CHAPTER THREE

TAPANULI AND NIAS ISLAND

I. Tapanuli

1.Nattive Battaks warior

 

2. native magic staff

_________________________________________________________

CAPTER FOUR

MIDDLE SUMATRA

I.WEST COAST SUMATRA

1.Padang City

                                    

                                   

2.Bukittinggi City

2.RIAU ARCHIPHELAGO

 

 

_________________________________________________________

 

CAPTER FIVE

SOUTHERN SUMATRA

1.    PALEMBANG

2.    BANGKA BELITUNG ISLAND

3.    JAMBI AND KERINCI

4.    LAMPONG

5.  Beencoleen (Bengkulu)

REFERENCES

1.Merseden ,The History of Sumatra,1810

2.Abel ,Clark, journey to Indonesia and China,1816

3.Cyclopaedia of  East India and South Asia,  1863

2. International Ethnologic Book vol1, 1868

3Maurist ,Indie,Dutch,1898

4. Dr IWAN S 19^th Century philatelic and Picture collections

____________________________________________________

THE END @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

 

 

THE RARE INDONESIA STAMPS

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Dr IWAN S E-BOOK SAMPLE BELOW ,FOR COMPLETE LIMITED E-BOOK ONLY 100 ISSUED PLEASE JOIN THE UNIQUE COLLECTION CLUB. AND THE COMPLETE E-BOOK WILL SEND TO YOU VIA YOUR E-MAIL, THE SMAPLE NOT COMPLETE.

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                                   Dr IWAN S E-BOOK SAMPLE NOT COMPLETE INFO

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                                             THE RARE INDONESIA STAMPS

                                  

                                                      COMPPILE BY

                                                        Dr IWAN S

                   Private limited e-book issued special for stamps collectors

                                           @Copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

____________________________________________________________________________
PREFACE

 In this e-book only list the rare Indonesia stamps, no the rare Indonesia Phillatelic collections, rare stamps only the rare and limited edition stamps, but the rare phillatelic more detailed the phillatelic collectors must read at the postal history like Indonedia Indepenent war, The Dai Nippon Occupation sumatra or Java, The rae Indonesia Postmark and postcaleled, The Indonesia eror printing and unissued phillatelic items.

Jakarta,June 2010

Dr IWAN S

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CHAPTER ONE

THE RARE 19 th CENTURY DUTCH EAST INDIE STAMPS

1. THE FIRST STAMP UNPERFORATED KING WILLEM ONE STAMPS

2. THE SECOND DEI KING WILLEM III UNPERFORATED STAMPS

LOOK AT THE COVER ILLUSTRATION.

II. CHAPTER TWO

THE RARE EARLY 20th CENTURY DEI STAMPS

1. JUBILEUM QUEEN WILHELMINA 5 GULDEN

2. bANDUNG jAARBEURS 10 CENT

3. QUEEN WILHELMINA KONIJNENBERG STAMPS 1942

(1) 20 CENT

(2) 35 CENT

(3) 5 GULDEN

(4) 25 GULDEN

CHAPTER THREE

DAI NIPPON OCCUPATION INDONESIA

ALL THE RARE COLLECTION WERE THE PHILLATELIC POSTALLY USED ON COV ER OR FRAGMEN OR OFF COVER, THE MINT STAMPS NOT RARE BECAUSE TOO MANY MINT STAMPS CANNOT USED DURING THE WAR,THAT IS WHY THE MINT STAMPS ALWAYS COMMON STAMP EXCEPT SMOE PHILLATELICT OVERPRINTS.

CHPAPTER FOUR

INDONESIA INDEPENDENCE WAR

The situation same with the dai nippon occupation era.

CHAPTER FIVE

1. RIS 2 RUPIAH MINT CONDITION

2. RIAU OVERPRINT

(1) 5 CENT PADI KAPAS

(2) 10 CENT PADI KAPAS

(3) 25 CENT PADI KAPAS

(4) 50 CENT POST OFFICE BUILDING

3. UNISSUED STAMPS

(1) SALAK 1976

THE END OF SAMPLE@COPYRIGHT Dr IWAN S 2010.

_________________________________________________________________________

THE RARE LABEL COLLECTIONS

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hallo collectors after look at the dR iwan s e-book sample below,please join the UC Club via comment to get the complete e-book send to you via your e-mail.

____________________________________________________________________________

                    THE RARE INDONESIAN LABEL COLLECTION

                             

                                                       BY

                                               Dr IWAN S

                PRIVATE LIMITED E-BOOK SPECIAL FOR COLLECTORS

                                              JAKARTA

                                   @copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

 

 

 A. THE KRETEK KLOBOT LABEL COLLECTIONS

I.THE  HISTORY KRETEK KLOBOT CIGARETTES KOEDOES/KUDUS:

After Merried Nasilah, nitisemito developed the Klobot kretek with label ” Kodok Mangan Ulo” means frog eating Snake, this mark not succeed and he changed “Bulatan Tiga” Three Circles , but because the design near same with Ball , the people called ” Bal 3″ or Ball Three  and this mark Tjap Bal Tiga H.M.Nitisemito official opening in 1914 at Jati village Koedoes.

After ten years merried with Mbok Nasilah , in 1924 Nitisemito became the biggest Fabric production in Indonesia ( six Ha) at Jati village, at this time Koedoes city have 12 bigger factory,16 middle factory and 7 small factory(Gurem). Between the biggest factory owner M Atmowidjojo (Mark Goenoeng kedoe), H.M. Muslich (Mark delima),H.Ali Asikin (Mark Djanger), Tjoa Khang Hay (mark Trio) and H.Sirin( mark  Garbis & manggis).

Nitisemito had 10.000 employed, produced 10 million Kretek per  day in 1938.  His creatived product  marketing kretek with used Fokker flight rental 200 gulden  for promotion to bandung and jakarta. 

 At least all Nitisemito factory closed after he was pas away(died)  because  all of his children quarelled (Perselisihan ahliwaris) and the competitors development like Nojorono(1940),Djamboe Bol(1939) at least Djarum and Sukun (1950). During WWII Dai Nippon took over/menyita Nitisemito assets and in 1955 all the assets of Nitisemito divided between”ahliwaris”.

One of the causal of nitisemito factory falling down was developed Kretek klobot Menak Djinggo in 1930 product of Nojorono, this factory belonged to Kho djie Siong ex Bal 3 agent at Pati. When he worh at Nitisemito factory Kho found many secret  informations of the “Racikan”  “recipes ‘ and trading strategic of Bal 3 from from his HIS schoolmate M Karman (son in law of nitisemito). in 1930 when the Kretek menak Djinggo sales  up, he moved to Koedoes and sold new product Nojorono.

…….ETC………ETC…….

2. THE KRETEK KLOBOT LABEL COLLECTIONS

(1)KUDUS KRETEK KLOBOT LABEL

(2) OTHER KRETEK KLOBOT LABEL

B.THE MATCHBOX LABEL COLLECTIONS

1. THE HISTORY OF MATCHBOX LABEL COLLECTIONS

1.           HISTORY

          1) 1826

                 In this year The friction match was  invented by John Walker,  pharmacist in                Stockton -on- Tees .

          2) 1827

                 The first matches produced by John Walker in the Great Britain , since this year         were sold packed by 100 pieces in the  cylindrical boxes without labels.However,            soon matches began to be packed in   cardboard or wooden box  and the                    information of the maniuacturs with paper    labels .

                 (In the process  has increased manufacture the quality labels became nice objecs for collecting.The word”phillum”    connecting matchbox means label, and their collectors called                 “phillumenis” . latin roots “philos” and from the greeks “lumen”                      means light. Now object of phillumeny not only match labels but also other objects  connected to matches.The Commonwealth  developed the Phillumeny sites was organized to increased the  propaganda of phillumeny andcreating the joint information in   order to make it easier for collectors and other to share     informations.

 

          3)1875

                 In August 24th 1875. Captain Webb the first swimmer across English channel,     matchbox label were produce by unknown country ,the Potraits in order to  commemorate that prestige.

         

          4)1879

                  Sweden made matchbox label  for sale in Australia at  Sydney International Exhibition 1879 with design electriclight in order to commemorated electric lamp dis-covery.

  5) 1882-1884

                 Matchbox label for sale in India with  potraits marathon produced in order                         commemorating  international exhibition Sydney in this year.  

          6)  1887

          Sweden Produced two type matchbox label  for  sale in Britain with label design potrays   of Queen Victory in order to commemorated Diamond Jubilee in this year and the other   one  with banner the diamond jubilee    match.

          6) 1894

                 The Battle Of Lombok, Novemer ,22th    1894 the last Balinese ruler, Anak Agung    Nengah and followers fought to General   Van der Vetter, He command at Puputan   (still fight marched until died) at Lombok  ,Indonesia. Sweden made matchbox label  commemorate that battle with the scene of  the battle with banner Lombok Matches. 

….etc………ETC………….

2. THE INDONESIA MATCH BOX LABEL COLLECTIONS

jAPAN tOYOMENKA MATCHBOX SOLD IN INDONESIA BY CHINESE OVERSEAS AGENT SOEI HO AT SEMATANG AND CHERIBON.

THE END OF E-BOOK SAMPLE  @COPYRIGHT Dr IWAN S 2010                

 

THE ADVENTURE OF Dr IWAN WITH JEEP WILLYS 1953

                      

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THE SAMPLE OF Dr IWAN S ‘S E-BOOK,PLEASE JOIN UNIQUE COLLECTION CLUB MEMBER VIA COMMEN AND THIS LIMITED E-BOOK WILL SEND TO YOU VIA YOUR E-MAIL. (Dr iwan s)

__________________________________________________________

                            THE ADVENTER OF Dr IWAN S

                                   WITH HIS JEEP WILLYS

                      AT SOLOK-SAWAHLUTO SIJUNJUNG

                                               IN 1974

              

                            

                                                      BY

                                                Dr IWAN S

                        Limited e-book special for car collectors

                                        JAKARTA 2010

                             @copyright Dr IWAS S 2010

_______________________________________________

My Vintage Willys manual

 

I.PRAFACE

II THE Dr IWAN S ‘S  JEEP WILLYS ADVENTURES.

.

A.I LEARNED CAR’S DRIVER WITH JEEP WILLYS 1953

(Belajar Nyetir dengan Jeep Willys 1953)

1 THE BEST DRIVER TEACHER  MR AZIS

(.Pak Azis guru nyetir yang andal )

III. THE JEEP WILLYS COLLECTIONS

1. JEEP WILLYS HERRINGTON 1937

2. JEEP WILLYS 1942

3.JEEP WILLYS KOEAN WAR 1953

4.JEEP WILLYS 1955

the end of e-book sample @ Copyright Dr IWAN S 2010

THE ARIEL PITERPAN UNIQUE COLLESTIONS

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__________________________________________________________

                                  THE E-BOOK’S SAMPLE

                 THE ARIEL PITERPAN UNIQUE COLLECTIONS

                                                 

                                              COMPILE BY

                                               Dr IWAN S

                            Private e-book special for collectors

                                            Jakarta.2010

                                      @ Copyright Dr IWAN S.2010

__________________________________________________________

 

I.PROFILE AND BIODATA

1. PROFILE

2. AUTHOGRAPH

(1) Ariel Handsign

(2) Ariel Religious  ID

(3) Ariel Caricature

3. BIODATA

(1)Ariel  Private Biodata

Full name  : Nazril Irham
Nick name : Ariel
Born          : Pangkalan Brandan,16 September 1981

religious   : Islam
Hobby       : Sport
Vision       : Architecture
Education: Architecture UNPAR BANDUNG 

Family     :  the youngest  from three brother-sister
Height/ weight : 168 cm/59 kg Music Group  : PETERPAN
Position in Group : Vocal Guitarist

Instrument    : Mic shure sm 58
played Music Instrument : Guitar, Bass, Drum
his hero  : Spiderman
Favorite eating : Sate Ayam 

Favorite drinking  : Root Bear
 Favorite musician : Dolores O’riordan
 Favorite singer : Winona Ryder
 Favorite film : Matrix
 Favorite color : Blue
 Favorite shirt : T-shirt
Prestations : National Hockey Gold Medal

Ariel Ex Wife :

ARIEL LOVER NOW : Luna Maya

Ariel Lovers   :

etc…..etc……..

PLEASE JOIN THE UNIQUE COLLECION CLUB MEMBER VIA COMMENT AND THE COMPLETE E-BOOK ,LIMITED 100 ITEMS WILL SEND TO YOU VIA YOUR E-MAIL.

 

The end@copyright Dr IWAN S 2010.

 

 

THE BHUTAN UNIQUE COLLECTIONS

THE BHUTAN UNIQUE COLLECTIONS
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@copyright Dr Iwan s.201

THE SAMPLE OF E-BOOK, IF YOU WANT THE COMPLETE E-BOOK,JOIN UNIQUE COLLECTION CLUB ,REGISTRATION VIA COMMENT ,FTER THE ADMINISTRATION OK THE E-BOOK WILL SEND TO YOU VIA YOUR E-MAIL,REGISTERED FAST BECAUSE ONLY 100 E-BOOK EXIST.(Dr Iwan S.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

THE SAMPLE OF LIMITED E-BOOK

                                            THE  BHUTAN UNIQUE COLLECTIONS

                                                                     

                                                                  COMPILE BY

                                                                     Dr IWAN S

                                          Private limited e-book special for collectors

                                                                  Jakarta 2010

                                                  @Copy right DR IWAN S 2010

                     

I.PREFACE

II. CHRONOLOGIC HISTORIC COLLEC TIONS

1. BHUTAN INFORMATION BOOK 1868

2. BHUTAN INFORMATION BOOK 1947
(INDIA ALMANAC 1947)
(1) BHUTAN AREA 18.00 sq mile, is an independent Himalayan state, under the Protectorate in respect of foreign relations, of His Majesty’s Government, possessing s fretile soil and temperate climate. The population ,computed to number about 300.000, are sturdy folk, of Tibetan affinities, in recent times there has been a considerable Nepalese immigration in the foot-hill region.

Though politically independent of Tibet. Bhutan is succeptible to Tibetan influence for the Bhutanese share the religion and culture of Tibet, and look to the Dalai lama as their spiritual head. In former times, China exchanged presents with Bhutan , but did not established effective suzerainity.
(2) For some 250 miles ,Bhutan dominated a tract of Land singulary rich and fertile ,situated partly in Bengal and partly in Assam, known as the Eighteenth Duars ( Duar being a  pass). This area and what is now the State of Cooch Behar formed the traditional happy hunting-ground of Bhutanese free-boters.

                                   
(3) The History of Bhutan
(a)1774
indeed it was the forcible abduction of the Cooch Behar Raja and his brother that led indirectly to the first intercourse between ,John Company’ and Bhutan. This Bhutanese aggresion was followed by a small successful expedition under a Company Officer. This led then Tashi Lama (wh was also Regent of Tibet) to address a friendly letter to Warren Hastings, inter-ceding on behalf of the erring Bhutanese.
Warren Hastings immediately responded by deputing Bogles ‘Good-Will Mission’. Bogle travelled via Bhutan and en route establish cordial relation there in 1774.

(b) 1792
The Bogle travelled continiue till 1792. in this year Nepal invaded Tibet, the Chinese suspected that the Bengal authorities had engineered this invasin, and by their influence induced the Bhutanese to shut the door.

(c)1825
The suspicion and hostility thus engendered was accentuated, when the Company extending its influence to Assam, on the expulsion of the Burmese in this year 1825, became heir to the uneasy relation existing between the Assamese and Bhutan; cnditin prevailed comparable with these in the Derajat on the Waziristan border at their worst.

(d)1837-1864
Thirty cases of plundering occured and at least 25 Indians were unknwn to have been carried ff into slavery. Meanwhile 50 outrages were committed in Coch Behar territry (ne invlving ver RS 20.000 wrth prpertys) and 60 residents of the state were Kidnapping

(e) 1857
Indian Mutiny of 1857 served to post-pone settlement.

(f)1863
The envoy (Mr E.Eden) sent in 1863, charged with proposals of a concilliatry charactor, but instructed to demand the return of all captives and plundered property and security for the future peace of the Frontier was insulted in open Darbar and put under duress.

                                               

(g)1864-1910
The Bhutan war of 1864 led to the conclussion of the Treaty of Sinchula in January 1886, Bhutan cede in perpetuity the whle f the 18 Duars and in return recieved a subsidy f RS 50.000 a year.
Since that date realtin with Bhutan have been exellent, and the bonds between Bhutan and India grown closer.

(h)1907
In 1907 the leading chief of Bhutan, Tongsa Pealop Ugen Wangchuk was elected by the unanimous votes of Bhutan Chief s and a number of monks as hereditary Emperor of Bhutan

                                                 

(i) 1910
Finally in 1910, in return for an increase in the Subsidy of RS 50.000 paid under the Sinchula Treaty to RS 1.000.000 that treaty has been amended t include a provision that Bhutans freign relatin should be cntrolled by the British Government at the same time undertaking to exercise on interference in the internal administratin of Bhutan.
Under anther agreement the Bhutan Government has undertaken to remove all liqour shops from within a 10s miles zone of the British District border in return for an annual conpensation of Rs 1.000.000.

look at the Bhutan Royal letter below

(j)1926
in 1926 , Emperor Tongsa was succeeded by his eldest son Sir Jigme Wangchuk .

3. BHUTAN VINTAGE COLLECTIONS
3a. BHUTAN VINTAGE POSTAL HISTORY

Postally used cover intern Bhutan from Simnachai to Thimpu

Postal Used cover from Bhutan To Calcutta

Postally used cover from Tashing to Pare intern Bhutan

Postally used cover from Bhutan to Nepal

Postally used cover from MangarZhong to Thimpu intern Bhutan

3b.THE VINTAGE MAP OF BHUTAN AND RELATED COUNTRY(official PRC repro,Beijinh 1962)

(1) The Map of Bhutan related countries 1908
(2) The Map Of Bhutan Related countries 1908

(3) Bhutan Map 1950

BHUTAN MAP IN INDIA-PRCHINA BORDER
(Foreign language librabry,Beijing,1962)
In this book illustrated several India-china border Map during the border conflict 1962, ex PRC embassy Jakarta library)

BHUTAN 2002
( Jevan F.,Pray Changing The heart of the Indian Sub-continent,Be a voice be a bridge,2002)

(1) Bhutan Information 2002

(a)BHUTAN is the only democratic theocracy in the world with the King governing through a strong Buddhist elected assembly. It is completely land-locked, strategically located between India and China.90% mountainsous with difficult terrain. It hast a predominanatly rural population praticing subsistence farming. Monastic education given a high priority and takeng place in Buddhist colleges and meditation centers.

(b) Statistic
Capital Thimphu
Language nepali,Dzongkha and English.
Population 900.000
District 20
Villages 67.503
Total peple grouth 147
Christian less than 1%
Major people groups : Bhote,Drukpa,Ngalong, Nepalese.

Bhutan Postally used cover cds Zhemgang Zhong 1968 on Mickeymouse stamps to Thimpu the capital city of Bhutan

(2) Bhutan Map 2002

(2) Bhutanese-Nepalese picture

THE BHUTAN PHRESE
I will put my Spirit in you And you will live, and I will settle you In your own land

Ezekiel 37:14

2. Bhutan Collection found In Indonesia 2007-2008

During preparation to visit Bhutan I buy some Bhutan stamp and when vist Bhutan i will take this stamps to the post office and made  CTO because I am afraid this collection will lost or not transfer because of many political reason, because until this day i never recieved as postally used cover from Bhutan, I send letters  three times in 1985.2007 and 2008, also I asked my native Bhutan to shoe me their postally used cover from their friend in Bhutan but only promise and thei only contact via chat if abroad, and SMS phone, I have ever seen in auction postally used cover all cds Penshouling,the Border post office with India but I cannot proof this really original or fake. All of the stamps in mint unused stamps.

(1) Bhutan first stamp issued

(2) Vintage Bhutan Three dimension stamps

(3) Bhutan Modernstamp sheet

B.

B. The Story of Bhutan in 2010Bhutan stamp and sheet 2010

BHUTAN POSTAL HISTORY FROM SEVERAL POST OFFICE SEND FROM MY FRIEND MUHUL BOWNIK (special for Indonesian  phillatelist Adi Dharma ,after seen this you will know that the Bhutan postal services with border are exist,




BHUTAN UNIQUE COLLECTION 2010

in April 2010, I have found several Native Bhutan friend, three of them became my best friend, they send me their Royal picture and native traditional picture, I have asking them the other kind of unique collections but they do not understand that is why no Phillatelic , coin, vintage picture etc unique-collections don not exist, but will the picture illustrated below, The Bhutan country was same like other country life, but still not many tourist came here because the strict tourist Policy for protect their country from bat habit Polution of Globalitation. One of my native Bhutan friend which this time still study Master in Thailand understand about unique collections after click my blog, and he promise to collect all kind of unique collections as much as he can , and give all to me , he will back home August 2010 and he will invite moe as the guest to his homeland Bhutan ,because the Native Bhutan Peple allow to invite two friend for visit Bhutan country without the special charge for common turist visit and the cost became reasonable for me to visit Bhutan in September 2010.

Please look at the modern unique collections from Bhutan below.:

1.Bhutan Royal Picture
in April 2010 My native Bhutan friend have sent me the Bhutan Royal picture, look at the two picture below.

 

2.MY Native Bhutan Friend figure
In April 2009 , I find several native Bhutan friends, and two of them was work in cinematography entertaint-ment , one send me her profile with native traditional Bhutan gown (look at the illustration below) and the other one no profile photo, they send me several native traditional Bhutan picture look at point ad3 ,Native Bhutan picture below.

.

3. Bhutan Native Picture 2009

My native Bhutan friend in April 2009 had sent me several native bhutan picture,including Miss bhutan and Bhutan animation Karma Wangsin picture scene.

Native Bhutan

4. Bhutan Landscape Picture
my native Bhutan friend send me the beutiful and exciting landscape picture of Bhutan, the countri with-out polution., and still fresh and healty wheather,

BHUTAN LANDSCAPE

5.THE RECENT PICTURE OF BHUTAN ANCIENT AREA
In April 2010, My native Bhutan friend have sent me two exciting recent picture of the ancient Buddhists heritage building at Bhutan :

(a)    THE BHUTAN BUDDHIST STUPA AT NONG NOOCH

The Nong Nooch Buddhist Stupa at Bhutan were small sizes,but many in one sites, look at the exciting recent picture below, I must look this area when my visit Bhutan in september 2010 (pray for me in order to succeed my nex adventure, the Adventure of Dr iwan s ‘Five Day In Bhutan 2010′ ).

 

(b)THE BUDHHA MOUNTAIN AT BHUTAN
My native Bhutan friend Yeesh. send me the recent photo ,the ancient biggest incised carved of Bhutan Buddha in the mountain, when I visit Bhutan I will looked at this perfect and exciting ancient Bhutan art.

BHUTAN ANCIENT AREA

THE END @COPYRIGHT Dr IWAN S. 2010